Cysts
(Epidermoid, and Pilar)
Worried about a lump on your skin? Learn the signs of skin cysts and what professional treatment options are available.
What is a Skin Cyst?
A skin cyst is a closed sac beneath the skin that can contain fluid, pus, or semi-solid material such as keratin. While most cysts are non-cancerous (benign) and painless, they can become inflamed or infected, especially if they rupture. There are several different types of cysts, with common examples including epidermoid and pilar cysts.
Professional Management
While these lumps are usually harmless, our doctors at Core Dermatology often recommend removal as these growths can become larger, painful, infected and otherwise sympomatic over time. It is also often easier and more successful to remove a cyst before it has gotten inflamed and while it is still small. We strongly advise against self-treatment to avoid infection, a common issue we see in Denver patients who attempt “at-home popping” before seeking professional help.
Common Types of Skin Cysts
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Epidermal Cysts
The most common cyst is called an epidermal cyst. Epidermal cysts are encapsulated sacs of keratin, a component of the top layer of skin. Epidermal cysts occur following injury or irritation that results in skin getting trapped in the top layer of skin. This trapped skin forms a sac. The skin cells within the sac continue to multiply, forming the contents of the sac. Epidermal cysts are most common on the face, neck, and trunk.
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Pillar Cyst
The second most common type of cyst is a pilar cyst. Pilar cysts are most common on the scalp. They are typically firm and move around easily. Pilar cysts tend to run in families.
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Other Types of Cysts
Other types of cysts include ganglion cysts, steatocystomas, dermoid cysts, and eruptive vellus hair cysts.
Signs You Have a Cyst (vs. a Pimple or Lipoma)
It can be difficult to tell the difference between a cyst, a pimple or boil, or a lipoma without a medical exam. However, cysts generally present specific characteristics that medical professionals look for.
- Appearance: Look for a round, dome-shaped bump that sits just under the surface of the skin.
- Texture: The lump is usually firm to the touch and can sometimes be moved slightly under the skin.
- Central Punctum: Epidermoid cysts often have a small blackhead (pore) visible in the center of the bump.
- Discharge: If the cyst leaks, it typically releases a thick, yellow, cheese-like substance (keratin) that has a foul odor.
Accurately diagnosing the specific type of cyst is crucial for effective removal. We encourage Denver residents to visit their dermatologist for a quick skin exam rather than guessing, as misdiagnosing a boil or infection as a cyst can lead to improper treatment.
What Causes Cysts to Form?
Cysts often develop when skin cells, keratin, or other material become trapped beneath the surface of the skin. This can occur due to a blockage of hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or other skin structures, leading to the formation of a sac where material accumulates and the lump gradually grows.
Does Denver’s Climate Affect Cysts?
While the primary causes are often genetic or due to trauma (injury to the skin), local environmental factors can play a role. In the dry climate of Denver, we often see dry skin flakes accumulate rapidly. This can contribute to clogged pores or irritated hair follicles, potentially exacerbating skin congestion that leads to cyst formation.
Professional Cyst Treatment Options
Whether it is inflamed, infected, or simply a cosmetic nuisance, there are typically a few treatment options available.
Kenalog (Steroid) Injections
Corticosteroids are injected directly into the lesion to rapidly reduce inflammation and pain. This is an ideal solution for a cyst that has become inflamed or ruptured but does not “cure” the cyst.
Incision and Drainage (I&D)
If a cyst has become an acute abscess, a dermatologist can perform a sterile incision to drain the fluid and relieve pressure immediately.
This is the gold standard for permanent removal. Your doctor will surgically remove the entire cyst, including the sac wall, to prevent it from recurring.
Can Cysts Be Treated at Home?
Medical experts strongly advise against squeezing or popping a cyst at home. Squeezing the bump may drain some fluid, but it leaves the cyst wall (sac) behind, which virtually guarantees the cyst will refill and return.
Attempting to pop a cyst can push bacteria deeper into the skin, increasing the risk of infection and complications. At Core Dermatology, we provide expert care for patients who have tried to drain cysts at home, helping to treat infections and preserve healthy skin.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Cysts
Do cysts go away on their own?
Some cysts may shrink or stay the same size, but without surgically removing the sac wall, the cyst will likely refill and return eventually.
Is cyst removal painful?
Typically a dermatologist will use local anesthesia to numb the area completely, ensuring the procedure is virtually painless for the patient.
How much does cyst removal cost in Denver?
Pricing varies based on the size and location of the cyst, but many procedures are covered by insurance if deemed medically necessary. Contact Core Dermatology for a specific quote based on your coverage.